Neurorretinitis por Bartonella henselae en Gipuzkoa, 2014-2019 / Neuroretinitis caused by Bartonella henselae in Gipuzkoa, 2014-2019

Introducción: Bartonella henselae causa la enfermedad por arañazo de gato (EAG), transmitida por arañazo o mordedura de gato, su principal reservorio. En ocasiones produce neuritis óptica o neurorretinitis.Objetivo: Revisar estas dolencias en Gipuzkoa (España), 2014-2019. Métodos: Revisión retrospectiva de registros serológicos y clínicos, seleccionando aquellos con manifestaciones clínicas compatibles, contacto con gatos y serología positiva para B. henselae (IFI-IgG≥1/256). Resultados: Sesenta y cuatro pacientes presentaron EAG; entre estos, uno tenía neuritis óptica y 3, neurorretinitis (4/64, 6,3%). En 3 casos un cuadro pseudogripal precedió a los síntomas oculares; 2 presentaron pérdida de agudeza visual al alta, a pesar del tratamiento prolongado con antibióticos y corticoides. Conclusión: La neuritis óptica y la neurorretinitis por B. henselae son complicaciones graves que presentan una incidencia no despreciable entre los pacientes con EAG de Gipuzkoa. Recomendamos descartar la EAG en pacientes con síntomas de neuritis óptica o neurorretinitis (pérdida brusca de visión, etc.) y contacto con gatos.(AU)

Introduction: Bartonella henselae causes cat scratch disease (CSD), spread by a cat scratch or bite. Cats are its main reservoir. This sometimes results in optic neuritis or neuroretinitis. Objective: To review these conditions in Gipuzkoa (Spain), 2014-2019. Methods: A retrospective review of serology and clinical records, selecting those with consistent clinical signs, contact with cats and positive serology for B. henselae (IgG-IFA≥1/256). Results: Sixty-four patients had CSD. Of these, one had optic neuritis and 3 had neuroretinitis (4/64; 6.3%). In 3 patients, flu-like symptoms preceded eye symptoms. Two suffered from loss of visual acuity at discharge, despite prolonged treatment with antibiotics and corticosteroids. Conclusion: Optic neuritis and neuroretinitis caused by B. henselae are severe complications with a non-negligible incidence among patients with CSD in Gipuzkoa. We recommend ruling out CSD in patients with symptoms of optic neuritis or neuroretinitis (sudden vision loss, etc.) and contact with cats.(AU)

The first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in Spain was associated with early introductions and fast spread of a dominating genetic variant.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the world radically since 2020. Spain was one of the European countries with the highest incidence during the first wave. As a part of a consortium to monitor and study the evolution of the epidemic, we sequenced 2,170 samples, diagnosed mostly before lockdown measures. Here, we identified at least 500 introductions from multiple international sources and documented the early rise of two dominant Spanish epidemic clades (SECs), probably amplified by superspreading events. Both SECs were related closely to the initial Asian variants of SARS-CoV-2 and spread widely across Spain. We inferred a substantial reduction in the effective reproductive number of both SECs due to public-health interventions (Re < 1), also reflected in the replacement of SECs by a new variant over the summer of 2020. In summary, we reveal a notable difference in the initial genetic makeup of SARS-CoV-2 in Spain compared with other European countries and show evidence to support the effectiveness of lockdown measures in controlling virus spread, even for the most successful genetic variants.

Neuroretinitis caused by Bartonella henselae in Gipuzkoa, 2014-2019.

INTRODUCTION: Bartonella henselae causes cat scratch disease (CSD), spread by a cat scratch or bite. Cats are its main reservoir. This sometimes results in optic neuritis or neuroretinitis. OBJECTIVE: To review these conditions in Gipuzkoa (Spain), 2014-2019. METHODS: A retrospective review of serology registries and clinical registries, selecting those with consistent clinical signs, contact with cats and positive serology for B. henselae (IgG-IFA ≥1/256). RESULTS: Sixty-four patients had CSD. Of these, one had optic neuritis and 3 had neuroretinitis (4/64; 6.3%). In 3 patients, flu-like symptoms preceded eye symptoms. Two suffered from loss of visual acuity at discharge, despite prolonged treatment with antibiotics and corticosteroids. CONCLUSION: Optic neuritis and neuroretinitis caused by B. henselae are severe complications with a non-negligible incidence among patients with CSD in Gipuzkoa. We recommend ruling out CSD in patients with symptoms of optic neuritis or neuroretinitis (sudden vision loss, etc.) and contact with cats.

Neuroretinitis caused by Bartonella henselae in Gipuzkoa, 2014-2019. / Neurorretinitis por Bartonella henselae en Gipuzkoa, 2014-2019.

INTRODUCTION: Bartonella henselae causes cat scratch disease (CSD), spread by a cat scratch or bite. Cats are its main reservoir. This sometimes results in optic neuritis or neuroretinitis. OBJECTIVE: To review these conditions in Gipuzkoa (Spain), 2014-2019. METHODS: A retrospective review of serology and clinical records, selecting those with consistent clinical signs, contact with cats and positive serology for B. henselae (IgG-IFA≥1/256). RESULTS: Sixty-four patients had CSD. Of these, one had optic neuritis and 3 had neuroretinitis (4/64; 6.3%). In 3 patients, flu-like symptoms preceded eye symptoms. Two suffered from loss of visual acuity at discharge, despite prolonged treatment with antibiotics and corticosteroids. CONCLUSION: Optic neuritis and neuroretinitis caused by B. henselae are severe complications with a non-negligible incidence among patients with CSD in Gipuzkoa. We recommend ruling out CSD in patients with symptoms of optic neuritis or neuroretinitis (sudden vision loss, etc.) and contact with cats.

Miasis cutánea por cordylobia anthropophaga / Cutaneous myasis by cordylobia anthropophaga

El incremento progresivo en el número de personas que viajan a países tropicales ha hecho que las enfermedades importadas adquieran una relevancia cada vez mayor. Las miasis (o infestaciones por larvas de moscas) cutáneas se encuentran entre este tipo de enfermedades siendo especialmente frecuentes en países tropicales. A propósito de la observación de un caso de miasis cutánea masiva por Cordylobia antropophaga, que ocurrió en una mujer de 34 años de edad al volver de un viaje a Senegal, se ha efectuado una revisión de los casos de miasis cutáneas forunculoides importadas publicados en España, así como de la biología, patología, tratamiento y prevención de la miasis humana por Cordylobia anthropophaga. El caso referido, se caracterizó por la infestación con un número inusualmente elevado de larvas, no sospechándose su etiología hasta la fase final de la enfermedad. La emergencia continuada de larvas (se recogieron 91) generó en la paciente un estado de ansiedad importante. Finalmente, la eliminación de las larvas provocó una rápida mejoría de la paciente.Aunque los casos de miasis cutánea no tienen la gravedad de otras enfermedades importadas, su conocimiento es necesario desde el punto de vista preventivo, diagnóstico y terapeútico. Es importante proceder a la identificación morfológica de las larvas diferenciándolas de otro tipo de miasis con implicaciones terapéuticas diferentes. (AU)